Seventh Grade Revised Standards
History
1. Historians and archaeologists describe historical events and issues from the perspectives of people living at the time in order to avoid evaluating the past in terms of today's norms and values.
History
2. The civilizations that developed in Greece and Rome had an enduring impact on later civilizations. This legacy includes governance and law, engineering and technology, art and architecture, as well as literature and history. The Roman Empire also played an instrumental role in the spread of Christianity.
History
3. Germanic invasions helped to break up the Roman Empire and set the stage for the development of feudal and manorial systems. Later invasions helped establish Mongol dominance in central Asia and led to the destruction of the Byzantine Empire by the Turks.
History
4. Mongol influence led to unified states in China and Korea, but the Mongol failure to conquer Japan allowed a feudal system to persist.
History
5. Achievements in medicine, science, mathematics and geography by the Islamic civilization dominated most of the Mediterranean after the decline of the Roman Empire. These achievements were introduced into Western Europe as a result of the Muslim conquests, Crusades and trade, influencing the European Renaissance.
History
6. The Renaissance in Europe introduced revolutionary ideas, leading to cultural, scientific and social changes.
History
7. The Reformation introduced changes in religion including the emergence of Protestant faiths and a decline in the political power and social influence of the Roman Catholic Church.
History
8. Empires in Africa (Ghana, Mali and Songhay) and Asia (Byzantine, Ottoman, Mughal and China) grew as commercial and cultural centers along trade routes.
History
9. The advent of the trans-Saharan slave trade had profound effects on both West and Central Africa and the receiving socieities.
History
10. European economic and cultural influence dramatically increased through explorations, conquests and colonization.
History
Geography
12. Maps and other geographic representations can be used to trace the development of human settlement from past to present.
Geography
13. Geographic factors promote or impede the movement of people, products and ideas.
Geography
14. Trade routes connecting Africa, Europe and Asia fostered the spread of technology and major world religions.
Geography
15. Improvements in transportation, communication and technology have facilitated cultural diffusion among peoples around the world.
Geography
16. The ability to understand individual and group perspectives is essential to analyzing historic and contemporary issues.
Government
17. Greek democracy and the Roman Republic was a radical departure from monarchy and theocracy, influencing the structure of modern democratic governments.
Government
18. With the decline of feudalism, consolidation of power resulted in the emergence of nation states.
Economics
19. Individuals, governments and businesses must analyze costs and benefits when making economic decisions. A cost-benefit analysis consists of determining the potential costs and benefits of an action and then balancing the costs against the benefits.
Economics
20. The variability in the distribution of productive resources in the various regions of the world contribute to specialization, trade and interdependence.
Economics
21. The growth of cities and empires fostered the growth of markets. Market exchanges encouraged specialization and the transition from barter to monetary economies.
